1 - Transformer definition:
Transformer is a static and electrical device. It is used for transferring the voltage from one coil to
another coil at different voltage as on same frequency. It works on mutual inductance process. High voltage
and low current changes into low voltage and high current. Low voltage and high current changes into high
voltage and low current as on same frequency.two coils-primary and secondary are used separately but both are
installed on same insulated iron.
2 - Types of transformer.
Transformer is a static and electrical device. It is used for transferring the voltage from one coil to
another coil at
different voltage as on same frequency. It works on mutual inductance process. High voltage and low current
changes into
low voltage and high current. Low voltage and high current changes into high voltage and low current as on
same
frequency.two coils-primary and secondary are used separately but both are installed on same insulated iron
core.
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3 - Oil transformer:
The oil type transformer is a famous equipment for us it is also used in a bulk above 500 KVA. It is used as
an outdoor
or open area and oil is used in this. The transformer oil is also called as insulation oil. The efficiency of
it is very
good in comparison to others.
The function of oil is two types, one is arc quenching in tank and reduces the winding temp It is used as a
cooling medium for winding and core during load and its dielectric strength is very good.
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4 - Parts of oil transformer:
The oil type transformer is a famous equipment for us it is also used in a bulk above 500 KVA. It is used as
an outdoor
or open area and oil is used in this. The transformer oil is also called as insulation oil. The efficiency of
it is very
good in comparison to others.
The function of oil is two types, one is arc quenching in tank and reduces the winding temp It is used as a
cooling
medium for winding and core during load and its dielectric strength is very good.
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5 - Safeties of oil transformer:
Transformer is a electrical static device which is used for high voltage transformation as 11KV to 400KV. It
is very costly device and after occurred fault the maintenance procedure is very costly and lengthy process.
Two type transformer are mostly used one is oil type and other is dry type. Transformer has two windings
primary and
secondary windings which is important and costly part. Many safety devices are used for protection of both
windings.
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6 - OLTC- On Load Tap Changer:
OLTC stands for On Load Tap Changer, means voltage is regulated in transformer in running condition. It is
installed in
a separate chamber and connected with primary winding. It is used in oil type transformer with 17 no’s taping.
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7 - RTCC- Remote Tap Changer Controller:
RTCC panel means Remote Tap Control Changer. It is used in transformer for regulating the voltage in auto mode
or manual
mode. It is main function of controlling to the OLTC. It is synchronized with OLTC control circuit.
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8 - Buchholz relay.
Buchholz relay is known as oil and gas actuated protection relay. It is safety device which is used above 500
KVa
capacity of transformers. It is installed between the conservator and main tank. It is not required for small
rating
transformers below 500 KVA.
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9 - WTI- Winding Temp Indicator:
Winding is the important parts of transformer which is costly part so for winding safety, the winding temp
indictor
relay is used for protection. A more current increases due to over load and short circuit then the winding
temp also
increases. Due to high temp, the winding may be failure or oil tank may be damage. During load condition the
current is
circulated through winding then winding temp increases.
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10 - OTI- Oil Temp Indicator:
Winding is the important parts of transformer which is costly part so for winding safety, the oil temp
indictor relay is
used for protection. A more temp increases due to over load and short circuit then the oil temp also
increases. Due to
high temp, the winding may be failure or oil tank may be damage. During load condition the current is
circulated through
winding then oil temp increases.
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11- Dry transformer:
Dry type transformers are used without transformer oil. It is very safe for environmentally. It’s another name
is cast
resin transformer. Both windings are made by epoxy resin. The installation process of it is very simple. It is
using in
industries commonly. Installation cost is very high and maintenance cost is very low.
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12- Protection of dry transformer:
Dry type transformer is a caste resin type. It has required only temp protection relay. It has no more
required
protection as oil type. Different type protection relays available in market. But commonly all are same as
function. It
has 4nos protection available in this. Protection relay details are given below mentioned.
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13 - Step up Transformer:
Transformer is an electrical static device. The main function of transformer is voltage transformation as
voltage increasing and decreasing on same frequency. Voltage is increased for power transmission line and
voltage is decreased for power distribution line.
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14- Step down transformer.
Transformer is an electrical static device. The main function of transformer is voltage transformation as
voltage increasing and decreasing on same frequency. Voltage is increased for power transmission line and
voltage is decreased for power distribution line.
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15- Three phase four wire system.
The star connection in secondary side output is important so delta to star is called three phase four wire
system. As per star winding, one side three phase R, Y, B winding points is connected as junction point and other side
all three phases is connected to separate R, Y and B phase.
The junction of three phase is called neutral and it is connected to the earth point.
So this type three phase and neutral is called as three phase four wire system.
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16 - Transformer oil dehydration:
Oil dehydration is part of annual maintenance which is carried out due to moisture content is mixed in
transformer oil
with time resultant the losses of transformer increases. Losses of transformer is relate with energy
consumption. If the
losses will increase then energy loss also will increase.
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17 - Transformer oil breakdown test:
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Transformer BD test is carried out to the transformer oil which is used for moisture or dielectric strength checking in
transformer oil. Due to moisture,losses of transformer is increased as per permissible limit. For better transformer operation, oil insulation capacity should be good. The moisture is very harmful for transformer oil die electric strength.
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